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Communication Communication is a social-psychological process by which one individual is enabled to assume, in some sense and to some degree, the attitudes and the point of view of another; it is a process by which a rational and moral order among men is substituted for one that is merely physiological and instinctual. Robert Ezra Park By communication is here meant the mechanism through which human relations exist and develop -- all the symbols of the mind, together with the means of conveying them through space and preserving them in time. It includes the expression of the face, attitude and gesture, the tones of the voice, words, writing, printing, railways, telegraphs, telephones, and whatever else may be the latest achievement in the conquest of space and time. Charles Cooley, 1909 The word communication will be used here in a very broad sense to include all the procedures by which one mind may affect another. This, of course, involves not only written and oral speech, but also music, the pictorial arts, the theatre, the ballet, and in fact all human behavior. engineers Shannon and Weaver [Communication is] the discriminatory response of an organism to a stimulus. This definition says that communications occurs when some environmental disturbance (the stimulus) impinges on an organism and the organism does something about it (makes a discriminatory response). If the stimulus is ignored by the organism, there has been no communication. The test is differential reaction of some sort. The message that gets no response is not communication. S. S. Stevens, behavioral psychologist A convenient way to describe an act of communication is to answer the following question: Who says what in which channel to whom with what effect. Harold Lasswell When we communicate we are trying to share information, an idea, or an attitude. Communication always requires at least three elements -- the source, the message, and the destination. Wilbur Schramm What do you mean we don't communicate? Just yesterday I faxed you a reply to the recorded message you left on my answering machine. Wall Street Journal For a list of all the ways technology has failed to improve the quality of life, please press 3. Alice Kahn The "telephone" has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us. Western Union internal memo, 1876 How come wrong numbers are never busy? Well, if I called the wrong number, why did you answer the phone? James Thurber The wireless music box has no imaginable commercial value. Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular? associate of David Sarnoff to suggestion of investment in 1920s Special to Edward Caudill. Copyright İRonald W. Sitton, 2009. Revised 022606 - http://southerner.net/sitron/wis/wcomm.html |